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21 Q685138 | Inglês, Cadete da Aeronáutica, EPCAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio, 2019
Texto associado.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century. Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to work in agriculture, domestic work and factories. Children in sweatshops1 producing goods sold globally. Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human society for most of human history. However, Anti-Slavery International has refused to accept that this bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
Purposes of exploitation2 can range from forced prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and forced organ removal. Here are the most common forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people are forced to do against their will3 under the threat of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most widespread form of slavery, when people borrow money they cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then losing control over the conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation, using violence, threats or coercion.
• Descent-based slavery – where people are born into slavery because their ancestors were captured and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery with child labour, but it is much worse. Whilst4 child labour is harmful for children and hinders5 their education and development, child slavery occurs when a child is exploited for someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking, child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is married against their will and cannot leave the marriage. Most child marriages can be considered slavery. 
Many forms of slavery have more than one element listed above. For example, human trafficking often involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad, using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then, the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is free from modern slavery, even Britain. The Government estimates that there are tens of thousands people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age, gender or race. However, contrary to a common misconception6 that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty7 and have limited opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative. People who are discriminated against on the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife. Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to tackle8 the root causes of slavery in order to end slavery for good. That’s why wepublished our Anti- Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)

Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
One of the statements below is according to the text. Mark it.
22 Q684925 | Inglês, Cadete da Aeronáutica, EPCAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio, 2019
Texto associado.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century. Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to work in agriculture, domestic work and factories. Children in sweatshops1 producing goods sold globally. Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human society for most of human history. However, Anti-Slavery International has refused to accept that this bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
Purposes of exploitation2 can range from forced prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and forced organ removal. Here are the most common forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people are forced to do against their will3 under the threat of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most widespread form of slavery, when people borrow money they cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then losing control over the conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation, using violence, threats or coercion.
• Descent-based slavery – where people are born into slavery because their ancestors were captured and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery with child labour, but it is much worse. Whilst4 child labour is harmful for children and hinders5 their education and development, child slavery occurs when a child is exploited for someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking, child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is married against their will and cannot leave the marriage. Most child marriages can be considered slavery. 
Many forms of slavery have more than one element listed above. For example, human trafficking often involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad, using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then, the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is free from modern slavery, even Britain. The Government estimates that there are tens of thousands people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age, gender or race. However, contrary to a common misconception6 that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty7 and have limited opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative. People who are discriminated against on the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife. Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to tackle8 the root causes of slavery in order to end slavery for good. That’s why wepublished our Anti- Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)

Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
The author concludes that Anti-Slavery International believes
23 Q684307 | Inglês, Cadete da Aeronáutica, EPCAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio, 2019
Texto associado.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century. Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to work in agriculture, domestic work and factories. Children in sweatshops1 producing goods sold globally. Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human society for most of human history. However, Anti-Slavery International has refused to accept that this bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
Purposes of exploitation2 can range from forced prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and forced organ removal. Here are the most common forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people are forced to do against their will3 under the threat of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most widespread form of slavery, when people borrow money they cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then losing control over the conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation, using violence, threats or coercion.
• Descent-based slavery – where people are born into slavery because their ancestors were captured and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery with child labour, but it is much worse. Whilst4 child labour is harmful for children and hinders5 their education and development, child slavery occurs when a child is exploited for someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking, child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is married against their will and cannot leave the marriage. Most child marriages can be considered slavery. 
Many forms of slavery have more than one element listed above. For example, human trafficking often involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad, using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then, the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is free from modern slavery, even Britain. The Government estimates that there are tens of thousands people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age, gender or race. However, contrary to a common misconception6 that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty7 and have limited opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative. People who are discriminated against on the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife. Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to tackle8 the root causes of slavery in order to end slavery for good. That’s why wepublished our Anti- Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)

Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
Mark the option that is NOT mentioned by the author (lines 15 to 23).
24 Q684008 | Português, Cadete da Aeronáutica, EPCAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio, 2019
Texto associado.
TEXTO III
LADO BOM
Ferréz
Periferia tem seu lado bom
Manos, vielas, e futebol no campão.
Meninas com bonecas e não com filhos
Planejando assim um futuro positivo
5 Sua paz é você que define.
Longe do álcool, longe do crime.
A escola é o caminho do sucesso
Pro pobre honrar desde o começo
E dizer bem alto que somos a herança
10 De um país que não promoveu as mudanças
Sem atrasar ninguém rapaz
Fazendo sua vida se adiantar na paz
Jogando bolinha, jogando peão
Vi nos olhos da criança a revolução
15 Que solta a pipa pensando em voar
Para não ver o barraco que era o seu lar
Periferia lado bom o que você me diz
Alguns motivos pra te deixar feliz
Longe do álcool, longe do crime.
20 Sua paz é você que define.
E nessa pipa no céu eu vi planar
A paz necessária para se avançar
Ânimo, positivismo em ação.
Hip-Hop cultura de rua e educação
25 Foi assim que criaram e assim que tem que ser
O mestre de cerimônia rimando pra você
Enquanto o DJ troca as bases
O grafiteiro pinta todo contraste
Da favela pro mundo
30 O caminho do rap pelo estudo
Por isso eu não me iludo
Roupa de marca não é meu escudo
Detentos já te disse no começo
E estudar do sucesso é o preço
35 Porque a fama não cabe num coração pequeno
Então positivismo pra vencer vai vendo
(...)
(http:/www.misixmatch.com - acesso em: 11/05/2018)
Segundo a canção, só NÃO é apontado como indicador de intranquilidade nas favelas a/o
25 Q683414 | Português, Cadete da Aeronáutica, EPCAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio, 2019
Texto associado.
TEXTO I
Rap: uma linguagem dos guetos
Entre as vozes que se cruzam na cacofonia urbana da sociedade globalizada, há uma que se sobressai pela sua radicalidade marginal: o rap. A moderna tradição negra dos guetos norte-americanos é, 5 hoje, cantada pelos jovens das periferias de todos os quadrantes do globo. Mas diferentemente das estereotipias produzidas pela nação hegemônica e difundidas em escala planetária, a cultura hip-hop costuma ser assimilada como uma fala histórica 10 essencialmente crítica por uma juventude com tão escassas vias de fuga ao sempre igual. Quando, por exemplo, jovens de uma favela brasileira incorporam esta linguagem tornada universal, por mais que a sua realidade seja diferente daquela dos marginalizados do 15 país de origem, a forma permanece associada a um conteúdo crítico – uma visão de mundo subalterna e frequentemente subversiva.
O rap é hoje uma forma de expressão comunitária, por meio da qual se comunicam e afirmam 20 sua identidade habitantes dos morros e comunidades populares. /.../
O surgimento do movimento hip-hop nos remete ao contexto no qual estavam inseridos os Estados Unidos dos anos 60 e 70, no auge da Guerra 25 Fria. Foram anos de tensão e muita agitação política. O descontentamento popular com a guerra do Vietnã somava-se à pressão das comunidades negras segregadas, submetidas a leis similares às do apartheid sul-africano. O clima de revolta e inconformismo tomava 30 conta dos guetos negros.
/.../
Na trilha da agitação política ocorriam inovações culturais. Nos guetos, o que se ouvia era o soul, que foi importante para a organização e 35 conscientização daquela população. /.../ No mesmo período surge uma variedade de outros ritmos, como o funk, marcados por pancadas poderosas que causavam estranhamento aos brancos, letras que invocavam a valorização da cultura negra e denunciavam as 40 condições às quais eram submetidas as populações dos guetos. O soul e o funk foram as bases musicais que permitiram o surgimento do rap, que virá a ser um dos elementos do movimento hip-hop.
Por essa época ou um pouco antes, jovens 45 negros já dançavam [o break] nas ruas ao som do soul e do funk de uma forma inovadora, executando passos que lembravam ao mesmo tempo uma luta e os movimentos de um robô. /.../
Finalmente, além da música e da dança, 50 propagava-se pelos guetos, ainda, o hábito de desenhar e escrever em muros e paredes. /.../ Nesse contexto de efervescência político-cultural, grafiteiros, breakers e rappers começaram a se reunir para realizar eventos juntos, afinal suas artes estavam relacionadas a uma 55 experiência comum, a cultura de rua. /.../
Por volta de 1982, o rap chegou ao Brasil, fixando-se, sobretudo, em São Paulo. /.../
Nos últimos anos da década de 90, o rap brasileiro ultrapassou os limites da periferia dos grandes 60 centros e chegou à classe média. /.../ O rap de caráter mais comercial passou então a ser amplamente difundido pelo país, ao mesmo tempo em que, em sua forma marginal, a linguagem continuava a se desenvolver nos espaços populares.
65 Há que se destacar o caráter inovador do rap nacional, que reelabora, de forma criadora, a partir de tradições populares brasileiras, a linguagem dos guetos norte-americanos, mesclando o ritmo do Bronx a gêneros como o samba e a embolada.
70 /.../
Não se trata, no entanto, de idealizar o hip-hop como forma de conhecimento. O movimento, seguramente, não é homogêneo: possui tendências mais ou menos politizadas, mais ou menos engajadas e 75 críticas. Há, por assim dizer, uma vertente cuja tônica é a denúncia, a agitação e o protesto. Outra, espontânea, sem uma linha política coerente e definida. E outra ainda, talvez hegemônica, já assimilada pelo mercado, que reproduz o modelo de comportamento, aspirações e 80 ideais dominantes (consumismo, individualismo e exaltação da vida privada), como a maioria das canções ditas "de massa".

(COUTINHO, Eduardo Granja, ARAÚJO, Marianna. Rap: uma linguagem dos
guetos. In: PAIVA, Raquel, TUZZO, Simone Antoniaci (Orgs.). Comunidade, mídia e
cidade: possibilidades comunitárias na cidade hoje. Goiânia: FIC/UFG, 2014.)
Assinale a alternativa que aponta o sentido INCORRETO das expressões conectoras destacadas abaixo.
26 Q682930 | Português, Cadete da Aeronáutica, EPCAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio, 2019
Texto associado.
TEXTO I
Rap: uma linguagem dos guetos
Entre as vozes que se cruzam na cacofonia urbana da sociedade globalizada, há uma que se sobressai pela sua radicalidade marginal: o rap. A moderna tradição negra dos guetos norte-americanos é, 5 hoje, cantada pelos jovens das periferias de todos os quadrantes do globo. Mas diferentemente das estereotipias produzidas pela nação hegemônica e difundidas em escala planetária, a cultura hip-hop costuma ser assimilada como uma fala histórica 10 essencialmente crítica por uma juventude com tão escassas vias de fuga ao sempre igual. Quando, por exemplo, jovens de uma favela brasileira incorporam esta linguagem tornada universal, por mais que a sua realidade seja diferente daquela dos marginalizados do 15 país de origem, a forma permanece associada a um conteúdo crítico – uma visão de mundo subalterna e frequentemente subversiva.
O rap é hoje uma forma de expressão comunitária, por meio da qual se comunicam e afirmam 20 sua identidade habitantes dos morros e comunidades populares. /.../
O surgimento do movimento hip-hop nos remete ao contexto no qual estavam inseridos os Estados Unidos dos anos 60 e 70, no auge da Guerra 25 Fria. Foram anos de tensão e muita agitação política. O descontentamento popular com a guerra do Vietnã somava-se à pressão das comunidades negras segregadas, submetidas a leis similares às do apartheid sul-africano. O clima de revolta e inconformismo tomava 30 conta dos guetos negros.
/.../
Na trilha da agitação política ocorriam inovações culturais. Nos guetos, o que se ouvia era o soul, que foi importante para a organização e 35 conscientização daquela população. /.../ No mesmo período surge uma variedade de outros ritmos, como o funk, marcados por pancadas poderosas que causavam estranhamento aos brancos, letras que invocavam a valorização da cultura negra e denunciavam as 40 condições às quais eram submetidas as populações dos guetos. O soul e o funk foram as bases musicais que permitiram o surgimento do rap, que virá a ser um dos elementos do movimento hip-hop.
Por essa época ou um pouco antes, jovens 45 negros já dançavam [o break] nas ruas ao som do soul e do funk de uma forma inovadora, executando passos que lembravam ao mesmo tempo uma luta e os movimentos de um robô. /.../
Finalmente, além da música e da dança, 50 propagava-se pelos guetos, ainda, o hábito de desenhar e escrever em muros e paredes. /.../ Nesse contexto de efervescência político-cultural, grafiteiros, breakers e rappers começaram a se reunir para realizar eventos juntos, afinal suas artes estavam relacionadas a uma 55 experiência comum, a cultura de rua. /.../
Por volta de 1982, o rap chegou ao Brasil, fixando-se, sobretudo, em São Paulo. /.../
Nos últimos anos da década de 90, o rap brasileiro ultrapassou os limites da periferia dos grandes 60 centros e chegou à classe média. /.../ O rap de caráter mais comercial passou então a ser amplamente difundido pelo país, ao mesmo tempo em que, em sua forma marginal, a linguagem continuava a se desenvolver nos espaços populares.
65 Há que se destacar o caráter inovador do rap nacional, que reelabora, de forma criadora, a partir de tradições populares brasileiras, a linguagem dos guetos norte-americanos, mesclando o ritmo do Bronx a gêneros como o samba e a embolada.
70 /.../
Não se trata, no entanto, de idealizar o hip-hop como forma de conhecimento. O movimento, seguramente, não é homogêneo: possui tendências mais ou menos politizadas, mais ou menos engajadas e 75 críticas. Há, por assim dizer, uma vertente cuja tônica é a denúncia, a agitação e o protesto. Outra, espontânea, sem uma linha política coerente e definida. E outra ainda, talvez hegemônica, já assimilada pelo mercado, que reproduz o modelo de comportamento, aspirações e 80 ideais dominantes (consumismo, individualismo e exaltação da vida privada), como a maioria das canções ditas "de massa".

(COUTINHO, Eduardo Granja, ARAÚJO, Marianna. Rap: uma linguagem dos
guetos. In: PAIVA, Raquel, TUZZO, Simone Antoniaci (Orgs.). Comunidade, mídia e
cidade: possibilidades comunitárias na cidade hoje. Goiânia: FIC/UFG, 2014.)
De acordo com as informações do texto e o modo como ele está organizado, é correto afirmar que os autores
27 Q682713 | Português, Cadete da Aeronáutica, EPCAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio, 2019
Texto associado.
TEXTO I
Rap: uma linguagem dos guetos
Entre as vozes que se cruzam na cacofonia urbana da sociedade globalizada, há uma que se sobressai pela sua radicalidade marginal: o rap. A moderna tradição negra dos guetos norte-americanos é, 5 hoje, cantada pelos jovens das periferias de todos os quadrantes do globo. Mas diferentemente das estereotipias produzidas pela nação hegemônica e difundidas em escala planetária, a cultura hip-hop costuma ser assimilada como uma fala histórica 10 essencialmente crítica por uma juventude com tão escassas vias de fuga ao sempre igual. Quando, por exemplo, jovens de uma favela brasileira incorporam esta linguagem tornada universal, por mais que a sua realidade seja diferente daquela dos marginalizados do 15 país de origem, a forma permanece associada a um conteúdo crítico – uma visão de mundo subalterna e frequentemente subversiva.
O rap é hoje uma forma de expressão comunitária, por meio da qual se comunicam e afirmam 20 sua identidade habitantes dos morros e comunidades populares. /.../
O surgimento do movimento hip-hop nos remete ao contexto no qual estavam inseridos os Estados Unidos dos anos 60 e 70, no auge da Guerra 25 Fria. Foram anos de tensão e muita agitação política. O descontentamento popular com a guerra do Vietnã somava-se à pressão das comunidades negras segregadas, submetidas a leis similares às do apartheid sul-africano. O clima de revolta e inconformismo tomava 30 conta dos guetos negros.
/.../
Na trilha da agitação política ocorriam inovações culturais. Nos guetos, o que se ouvia era o soul, que foi importante para a organização e 35 conscientização daquela população. /.../ No mesmo período surge uma variedade de outros ritmos, como o funk, marcados por pancadas poderosas que causavam estranhamento aos brancos, letras que invocavam a valorização da cultura negra e denunciavam as 40 condições às quais eram submetidas as populações dos guetos. O soul e o funk foram as bases musicais que permitiram o surgimento do rap, que virá a ser um dos elementos do movimento hip-hop.
Por essa época ou um pouco antes, jovens 45 negros já dançavam [o break] nas ruas ao som do soul e do funk de uma forma inovadora, executando passos que lembravam ao mesmo tempo uma luta e os movimentos de um robô. /.../
Finalmente, além da música e da dança, 50 propagava-se pelos guetos, ainda, o hábito de desenhar e escrever em muros e paredes. /.../ Nesse contexto de efervescência político-cultural, grafiteiros, breakers e rappers começaram a se reunir para realizar eventos juntos, afinal suas artes estavam relacionadas a uma 55 experiência comum, a cultura de rua. /.../
Por volta de 1982, o rap chegou ao Brasil, fixando-se, sobretudo, em São Paulo. /.../
Nos últimos anos da década de 90, o rap brasileiro ultrapassou os limites da periferia dos grandes 60 centros e chegou à classe média. /.../ O rap de caráter mais comercial passou então a ser amplamente difundido pelo país, ao mesmo tempo em que, em sua forma marginal, a linguagem continuava a se desenvolver nos espaços populares.
65 Há que se destacar o caráter inovador do rap nacional, que reelabora, de forma criadora, a partir de tradições populares brasileiras, a linguagem dos guetos norte-americanos, mesclando o ritmo do Bronx a gêneros como o samba e a embolada.
70 /.../
Não se trata, no entanto, de idealizar o hip-hop como forma de conhecimento. O movimento, seguramente, não é homogêneo: possui tendências mais ou menos politizadas, mais ou menos engajadas e 75 críticas. Há, por assim dizer, uma vertente cuja tônica é a denúncia, a agitação e o protesto. Outra, espontânea, sem uma linha política coerente e definida. E outra ainda, talvez hegemônica, já assimilada pelo mercado, que reproduz o modelo de comportamento, aspirações e 80 ideais dominantes (consumismo, individualismo e exaltação da vida privada), como a maioria das canções ditas "de massa".

(COUTINHO, Eduardo Granja, ARAÚJO, Marianna. Rap: uma linguagem dos
guetos. In: PAIVA, Raquel, TUZZO, Simone Antoniaci (Orgs.). Comunidade, mídia e
cidade: possibilidades comunitárias na cidade hoje. Goiânia: FIC/UFG, 2014.)
Nota-se, no primeiro parágrafo do texto, que os autores enfatizam a informação presente no título, isto é, a relação do rap com o gueto, com espaços desprestigiados. Assinale a única palavra que NÃO foi empregada para reforçar esse aspecto no parágrafo.
28 Q682574 | Inglês, Cadete da Aeronáutica, EPCAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio, 2019
Texto associado.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century. Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to work in agriculture, domestic work and factories. Children in sweatshops1 producing goods sold globally. Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human society for most of human history. However, Anti-Slavery International has refused to accept that this bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
Purposes of exploitation2 can range from forced prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and forced organ removal. Here are the most common forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people are forced to do against their will3 under the threat of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most widespread form of slavery, when people borrow money they cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then losing control over the conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation, using violence, threats or coercion.
• Descent-based slavery – where people are born into slavery because their ancestors were captured and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery with child labour, but it is much worse. Whilst4 child labour is harmful for children and hinders5 their education and development, child slavery occurs when a child is exploited for someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking, child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is married against their will and cannot leave the marriage. Most child marriages can be considered slavery. 
Many forms of slavery have more than one element listed above. For example, human trafficking often involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad, using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then, the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is free from modern slavery, even Britain. The Government estimates that there are tens of thousands people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age, gender or race. However, contrary to a common misconception6 that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty7 and have limited opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative. People who are discriminated against on the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife. Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to tackle8 the root causes of slavery in order to end slavery for good. That’s why wepublished our Anti- Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)

Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
The word “goods” (line 6) means in the text
29 Q682077 | Inglês, Cadete da Aeronáutica, EPCAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio, 2019
Texto associado.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century. Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to work in agriculture, domestic work and factories. Children in sweatshops1 producing goods sold globally. Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human society for most of human history. However, Anti-Slavery International has refused to accept that this bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
Purposes of exploitation2 can range from forced prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and forced organ removal. Here are the most common forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people are forced to do against their will3 under the threat of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most widespread form of slavery, when people borrow money they cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then losing control over the conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation, using violence, threats or coercion.
• Descent-based slavery – where people are born into slavery because their ancestors were captured and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery with child labour, but it is much worse. Whilst4 child labour is harmful for children and hinders5 their education and development, child slavery occurs when a child is exploited for someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking, child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is married against their will and cannot leave the marriage. Most child marriages can be considered slavery. 
Many forms of slavery have more than one element listed above. For example, human trafficking often involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad, using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then, the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is free from modern slavery, even Britain. The Government estimates that there are tens of thousands people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age, gender or race. However, contrary to a common misconception6 that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty7 and have limited opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative. People who are discriminated against on the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife. Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to tackle8 the root causes of slavery in order to end slavery for good. That’s why wepublished our Anti- Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)

Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
Anti-Slavery International
30 Q681907 | Inglês, Cadete da Aeronáutica, EPCAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio, 2019
Texto associado.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century. Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to work in agriculture, domestic work and factories. Children in sweatshops1 producing goods sold globally. Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human society for most of human history. However, Anti-Slavery International has refused to accept that this bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
Purposes of exploitation2 can range from forced prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and forced organ removal. Here are the most common forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people are forced to do against their will3 under the threat of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most widespread form of slavery, when people borrow money they cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then losing control over the conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation, using violence, threats or coercion.
• Descent-based slavery – where people are born into slavery because their ancestors were captured and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery with child labour, but it is much worse. Whilst4 child labour is harmful for children and hinders5 their education and development, child slavery occurs when a child is exploited for someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking, child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is married against their will and cannot leave the marriage. Most child marriages can be considered slavery. 
Many forms of slavery have more than one element listed above. For example, human trafficking often involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad, using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then, the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is free from modern slavery, even Britain. The Government estimates that there are tens of thousands people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age, gender or race. However, contrary to a common misconception6 that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty7 and have limited opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative. People who are discriminated against on the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife. Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to tackle8 the root causes of slavery in order to end slavery for good. That’s why wepublished our Anti- Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)

Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
Mark the INCORRECT statement according to the text.