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1 Q694051 | Inglês, Cadete da Aeronáutica, EPCAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio, 2019
Texto associado.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century. Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to work in agriculture, domestic work and factories. Children in sweatshops1 producing goods sold globally. Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human society for most of human history. However, Anti-Slavery International has refused to accept that this bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
Purposes of exploitation2 can range from forced prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and forced organ removal. Here are the most common forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people are forced to do against their will3 under the threat of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most widespread form of slavery, when people borrow money they cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then losing control over the conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation, using violence, threats or coercion.
• Descent-based slavery – where people are born into slavery because their ancestors were captured and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery with child labour, but it is much worse. Whilst4 child labour is harmful for children and hinders5 their education and development, child slavery occurs when a child is exploited for someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking, child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is married against their will and cannot leave the marriage. Most child marriages can be considered slavery. 
Many forms of slavery have more than one element listed above. For example, human trafficking often involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad, using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then, the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is free from modern slavery, even Britain. The Government estimates that there are tens of thousands people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age, gender or race. However, contrary to a common misconception6 that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty7 and have limited opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative. People who are discriminated against on the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife. Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to tackle8 the root causes of slavery in order to end slavery for good. That’s why wepublished our Anti- Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)

Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
Mark the option with the suitable question to answer the fragment below. “When someone is married against their will”. (lines 56 and 57)
2 Q693877 | Inglês, Cadete da Aeronáutica, EPCAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio, 2019
Texto associado.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century. Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to work in agriculture, domestic work and factories. Children in sweatshops1 producing goods sold globally. Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human society for most of human history. However, Anti-Slavery International has refused to accept that this bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
Purposes of exploitation2 can range from forced prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and forced organ removal. Here are the most common forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people are forced to do against their will3 under the threat of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most widespread form of slavery, when people borrow money they cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then losing control over the conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation, using violence, threats or coercion.
• Descent-based slavery – where people are born into slavery because their ancestors were captured and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery with child labour, but it is much worse. Whilst4 child labour is harmful for children and hinders5 their education and development, child slavery occurs when a child is exploited for someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking, child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is married against their will and cannot leave the marriage. Most child marriages can be considered slavery. 
Many forms of slavery have more than one element listed above. For example, human trafficking often involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad, using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then, the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is free from modern slavery, even Britain. The Government estimates that there are tens of thousands people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age, gender or race. However, contrary to a common misconception6 that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty7 and have limited opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative. People who are discriminated against on the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife. Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to tackle8 the root causes of slavery in order to end slavery for good. That’s why wepublished our Anti- Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)

Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
Mark the sentence from the text that is an example of comparative form.
3 Q693664 | Português, Cadete da Aeronáutica, EPCAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio, 2019
Texto associado.
TEXTO I
Rap: uma linguagem dos guetos
Entre as vozes que se cruzam na cacofonia urbana da sociedade globalizada, há uma que se sobressai pela sua radicalidade marginal: o rap. A moderna tradição negra dos guetos norte-americanos é, 5 hoje, cantada pelos jovens das periferias de todos os quadrantes do globo. Mas diferentemente das estereotipias produzidas pela nação hegemônica e difundidas em escala planetária, a cultura hip-hop costuma ser assimilada como uma fala histórica 10 essencialmente crítica por uma juventude com tão escassas vias de fuga ao sempre igual. Quando, por exemplo, jovens de uma favela brasileira incorporam esta linguagem tornada universal, por mais que a sua realidade seja diferente daquela dos marginalizados do 15 país de origem, a forma permanece associada a um conteúdo crítico – uma visão de mundo subalterna e frequentemente subversiva.
O rap é hoje uma forma de expressão comunitária, por meio da qual se comunicam e afirmam 20 sua identidade habitantes dos morros e comunidades populares. /.../
O surgimento do movimento hip-hop nos remete ao contexto no qual estavam inseridos os Estados Unidos dos anos 60 e 70, no auge da Guerra 25 Fria. Foram anos de tensão e muita agitação política. O descontentamento popular com a guerra do Vietnã somava-se à pressão das comunidades negras segregadas, submetidas a leis similares às do apartheid sul-africano. O clima de revolta e inconformismo tomava 30 conta dos guetos negros.
/.../
Na trilha da agitação política ocorriam inovações culturais. Nos guetos, o que se ouvia era o soul, que foi importante para a organização e 35 conscientização daquela população. /.../ No mesmo período surge uma variedade de outros ritmos, como o funk, marcados por pancadas poderosas que causavam estranhamento aos brancos, letras que invocavam a valorização da cultura negra e denunciavam as 40 condições às quais eram submetidas as populações dos guetos. O soul e o funk foram as bases musicais que permitiram o surgimento do rap, que virá a ser um dos elementos do movimento hip-hop.
Por essa época ou um pouco antes, jovens 45 negros já dançavam [o break] nas ruas ao som do soul e do funk de uma forma inovadora, executando passos que lembravam ao mesmo tempo uma luta e os movimentos de um robô. /.../
Finalmente, além da música e da dança, 50 propagava-se pelos guetos, ainda, o hábito de desenhar e escrever em muros e paredes. /.../ Nesse contexto de efervescência político-cultural, grafiteiros, breakers e rappers começaram a se reunir para realizar eventos juntos, afinal suas artes estavam relacionadas a uma 55 experiência comum, a cultura de rua. /.../
Por volta de 1982, o rap chegou ao Brasil, fixando-se, sobretudo, em São Paulo. /.../
Nos últimos anos da década de 90, o rap brasileiro ultrapassou os limites da periferia dos grandes 60 centros e chegou à classe média. /.../ O rap de caráter mais comercial passou então a ser amplamente difundido pelo país, ao mesmo tempo em que, em sua forma marginal, a linguagem continuava a se desenvolver nos espaços populares.
65 Há que se destacar o caráter inovador do rap nacional, que reelabora, de forma criadora, a partir de tradições populares brasileiras, a linguagem dos guetos norte-americanos, mesclando o ritmo do Bronx a gêneros como o samba e a embolada.
70 /.../
Não se trata, no entanto, de idealizar o hip-hop como forma de conhecimento. O movimento, seguramente, não é homogêneo: possui tendências mais ou menos politizadas, mais ou menos engajadas e 75 críticas. Há, por assim dizer, uma vertente cuja tônica é a denúncia, a agitação e o protesto. Outra, espontânea, sem uma linha política coerente e definida. E outra ainda, talvez hegemônica, já assimilada pelo mercado, que reproduz o modelo de comportamento, aspirações e 80 ideais dominantes (consumismo, individualismo e exaltação da vida privada), como a maioria das canções ditas "de massa".

(COUTINHO, Eduardo Granja, ARAÚJO, Marianna. Rap: uma linguagem dos
guetos. In: PAIVA, Raquel, TUZZO, Simone Antoniaci (Orgs.). Comunidade, mídia e
cidade: possibilidades comunitárias na cidade hoje. Goiânia: FIC/UFG, 2014.)
Considerando o contexto em que foi empregada, a expressão “cultura de rua” (l. 55) pode ser definida como:
4 Q691920 | Inglês, Cadete da Aeronáutica, EPCAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio, 2019
Texto associado.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century. Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to work in agriculture, domestic work and factories. Children in sweatshops1 producing goods sold globally. Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human society for most of human history. However, Anti-Slavery International has refused to accept that this bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
Purposes of exploitation2 can range from forced prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and forced organ removal. Here are the most common forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people are forced to do against their will3 under the threat of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most widespread form of slavery, when people borrow money they cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then losing control over the conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation, using violence, threats or coercion.
• Descent-based slavery – where people are born into slavery because their ancestors were captured and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery with child labour, but it is much worse. Whilst4 child labour is harmful for children and hinders5 their education and development, child slavery occurs when a child is exploited for someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking, child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is married against their will and cannot leave the marriage. Most child marriages can be considered slavery. 
Many forms of slavery have more than one element listed above. For example, human trafficking often involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad, using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then, the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is free from modern slavery, even Britain. The Government estimates that there are tens of thousands people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age, gender or race. However, contrary to a common misconception6 that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty7 and have limited opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative. People who are discriminated against on the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife. Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to tackle8 the root causes of slavery in order to end slavery for good. That’s why wepublished our Anti- Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)

Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
In the topic “Forced and early marriage” (line 56), the modal verb can be replaced by ____ without changing the meaning.
5 Q691691 | Inglês, Cadete da Aeronáutica, EPCAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio, 2019
Texto associado.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century. Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to work in agriculture, domestic work and factories. Children in sweatshops1 producing goods sold globally. Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human society for most of human history. However, Anti-Slavery International has refused to accept that this bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
Purposes of exploitation2 can range from forced prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and forced organ removal. Here are the most common forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people are forced to do against their will3 under the threat of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most widespread form of slavery, when people borrow money they cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then losing control over the conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation, using violence, threats or coercion.
• Descent-based slavery – where people are born into slavery because their ancestors were captured and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery with child labour, but it is much worse. Whilst4 child labour is harmful for children and hinders5 their education and development, child slavery occurs when a child is exploited for someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking, child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is married against their will and cannot leave the marriage. Most child marriages can be considered slavery. 
Many forms of slavery have more than one element listed above. For example, human trafficking often involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad, using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then, the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is free from modern slavery, even Britain. The Government estimates that there are tens of thousands people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age, gender or race. However, contrary to a common misconception6 that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty7 and have limited opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative. People who are discriminated against on the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife. Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to tackle8 the root causes of slavery in order to end slavery for good. That’s why wepublished our Anti- Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)

Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
Mark the alternative in which the verb “to continue” (line 2) is applied in the sentence correctly.
6 Q691215 | Português, Cadete da Aeronáutica, EPCAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio, 2019
Texto associado.
TEXTO II
A Marselhesa do subúrbio
Sérgio Martins
Tchudum, tchá, tchá, tchá, tchá, tchudum, tchá, tchá, tchá, tchá, tchudum São 2 horas da manhã numa casa noturna de São Paulo e os frequentadores estão dançando uma batida eletrônica repetitiva. Dali a 5 uma hora e meia, MC Guimê, o principal nome do funk ostentação, fará seu show, acompanhado de um DJ e de duas dançarinas, e com a participação especial do rapper Emicida. /.../ Encontram-se ali jovens de bairros suburbanos – os meninos com correntes douradas, as 10 meninas com saia bem curtinha, e todos com roupas de grife – e também os chamados “playboys”. Quando Guimê finalmente sobe ao palco, a temperatura da casa parece subir. Por quarenta minutos, ele intercala canções de seu repertório com sucessos de outros 15 funkeiros, canta o rap do quarteto Racionais MC’s e cita o Salmo 23 (“O senhor é meu pastor / Nada me faltará”). Nada falta mesmo: suas letras carregam uma tal profusão de marcas – carros, roupas, perfumes, bebidas – que até se poderia suspeitar de vultosos contratos de 20 merchandising. Não é o caso. Para Guimê, natural da periferia de Osasco, cidade da Grande São Paulo, falar desses objetos de consumo – e, acima de tudo, adquiri-los – é uma aspiração realizada, uma senha para a entrada na sociedade. O público não só entende como 25 compartilha o sonho de Guimê: muitos fãs, no meio da dança, erguem garrafas de uísque escocês como se fossem troféus. Festas e shows assim se repetem por outras cidades e clubes. Como tantos gêneros musicais que vieram das áreas urbanas mais pobres, o funk já 30 conquistou parte da classe média. Mas é sobretudo entre a garotada da periferia que ele tem a ressonância de uma Marselhesa: um hino de cidadania e identidade para os jovens das classes C, D e E. /.../

(Revista Veja, 29 de janeiro de 2014, p. 73 e 74)
De acordo com o texto, o funk possui uma conotação de Marselhesa para os jovens das classes C, D e E porque reafirma a identidade deles ao
7 Q690956 | Português, Cadete da Aeronáutica, EPCAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio, 2019
Texto associado.
TEXTO I
Rap: uma linguagem dos guetos
Entre as vozes que se cruzam na cacofonia urbana da sociedade globalizada, há uma que se sobressai pela sua radicalidade marginal: o rap. A moderna tradição negra dos guetos norte-americanos é, 5 hoje, cantada pelos jovens das periferias de todos os quadrantes do globo. Mas diferentemente das estereotipias produzidas pela nação hegemônica e difundidas em escala planetária, a cultura hip-hop costuma ser assimilada como uma fala histórica 10 essencialmente crítica por uma juventude com tão escassas vias de fuga ao sempre igual. Quando, por exemplo, jovens de uma favela brasileira incorporam esta linguagem tornada universal, por mais que a sua realidade seja diferente daquela dos marginalizados do 15 país de origem, a forma permanece associada a um conteúdo crítico – uma visão de mundo subalterna e frequentemente subversiva.
O rap é hoje uma forma de expressão comunitária, por meio da qual se comunicam e afirmam 20 sua identidade habitantes dos morros e comunidades populares. /.../
O surgimento do movimento hip-hop nos remete ao contexto no qual estavam inseridos os Estados Unidos dos anos 60 e 70, no auge da Guerra 25 Fria. Foram anos de tensão e muita agitação política. O descontentamento popular com a guerra do Vietnã somava-se à pressão das comunidades negras segregadas, submetidas a leis similares às do apartheid sul-africano. O clima de revolta e inconformismo tomava 30 conta dos guetos negros.
/.../
Na trilha da agitação política ocorriam inovações culturais. Nos guetos, o que se ouvia era o soul, que foi importante para a organização e 35 conscientização daquela população. /.../ No mesmo período surge uma variedade de outros ritmos, como o funk, marcados por pancadas poderosas que causavam estranhamento aos brancos, letras que invocavam a valorização da cultura negra e denunciavam as 40 condições às quais eram submetidas as populações dos guetos. O soul e o funk foram as bases musicais que permitiram o surgimento do rap, que virá a ser um dos elementos do movimento hip-hop.
Por essa época ou um pouco antes, jovens 45 negros já dançavam [o break] nas ruas ao som do soul e do funk de uma forma inovadora, executando passos que lembravam ao mesmo tempo uma luta e os movimentos de um robô. /.../
Finalmente, além da música e da dança, 50 propagava-se pelos guetos, ainda, o hábito de desenhar e escrever em muros e paredes. /.../ Nesse contexto de efervescência político-cultural, grafiteiros, breakers e rappers começaram a se reunir para realizar eventos juntos, afinal suas artes estavam relacionadas a uma 55 experiência comum, a cultura de rua. /.../
Por volta de 1982, o rap chegou ao Brasil, fixando-se, sobretudo, em São Paulo. /.../
Nos últimos anos da década de 90, o rap brasileiro ultrapassou os limites da periferia dos grandes 60 centros e chegou à classe média. /.../ O rap de caráter mais comercial passou então a ser amplamente difundido pelo país, ao mesmo tempo em que, em sua forma marginal, a linguagem continuava a se desenvolver nos espaços populares.
65 Há que se destacar o caráter inovador do rap nacional, que reelabora, de forma criadora, a partir de tradições populares brasileiras, a linguagem dos guetos norte-americanos, mesclando o ritmo do Bronx a gêneros como o samba e a embolada.
70 /.../
Não se trata, no entanto, de idealizar o hip-hop como forma de conhecimento. O movimento, seguramente, não é homogêneo: possui tendências mais ou menos politizadas, mais ou menos engajadas e 75 críticas. Há, por assim dizer, uma vertente cuja tônica é a denúncia, a agitação e o protesto. Outra, espontânea, sem uma linha política coerente e definida. E outra ainda, talvez hegemônica, já assimilada pelo mercado, que reproduz o modelo de comportamento, aspirações e 80 ideais dominantes (consumismo, individualismo e exaltação da vida privada), como a maioria das canções ditas "de massa".

(COUTINHO, Eduardo Granja, ARAÚJO, Marianna. Rap: uma linguagem dos
guetos. In: PAIVA, Raquel, TUZZO, Simone Antoniaci (Orgs.). Comunidade, mídia e
cidade: possibilidades comunitárias na cidade hoje. Goiânia: FIC/UFG, 2014.)
Há, em um dos fragmentos abaixo, uma marca evidente da presença dos autores no texto. Assinale-o.
8 Q690873 | Português, Cadete da Aeronáutica, EPCAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio, 2019
Texto associado.
TEXTO II
A Marselhesa do subúrbio
Sérgio Martins
Tchudum, tchá, tchá, tchá, tchá, tchudum, tchá, tchá, tchá, tchá, tchudum São 2 horas da manhã numa casa noturna de São Paulo e os frequentadores estão dançando uma batida eletrônica repetitiva. Dali a 5 uma hora e meia, MC Guimê, o principal nome do funk ostentação, fará seu show, acompanhado de um DJ e de duas dançarinas, e com a participação especial do rapper Emicida. /.../ Encontram-se ali jovens de bairros suburbanos – os meninos com correntes douradas, as 10 meninas com saia bem curtinha, e todos com roupas de grife – e também os chamados “playboys”. Quando Guimê finalmente sobe ao palco, a temperatura da casa parece subir. Por quarenta minutos, ele intercala canções de seu repertório com sucessos de outros 15 funkeiros, canta o rap do quarteto Racionais MC’s e cita o Salmo 23 (“O senhor é meu pastor / Nada me faltará”). Nada falta mesmo: suas letras carregam uma tal profusão de marcas – carros, roupas, perfumes, bebidas – que até se poderia suspeitar de vultosos contratos de 20 merchandising. Não é o caso. Para Guimê, natural da periferia de Osasco, cidade da Grande São Paulo, falar desses objetos de consumo – e, acima de tudo, adquiri-los – é uma aspiração realizada, uma senha para a entrada na sociedade. O público não só entende como 25 compartilha o sonho de Guimê: muitos fãs, no meio da dança, erguem garrafas de uísque escocês como se fossem troféus. Festas e shows assim se repetem por outras cidades e clubes. Como tantos gêneros musicais que vieram das áreas urbanas mais pobres, o funk já 30 conquistou parte da classe média. Mas é sobretudo entre a garotada da periferia que ele tem a ressonância de uma Marselhesa: um hino de cidadania e identidade para os jovens das classes C, D e E. /.../

(Revista Veja, 29 de janeiro de 2014, p. 73 e 74)
Após a leitura atenta do texto, analise as afirmativas abaixo e assinale aquela que contém comentários adequados em relação a ele.
9 Q690599 | Português, Cadete da Aeronáutica, EPCAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio, 2019
Texto associado.
TEXTO II
A Marselhesa do subúrbio
Sérgio Martins
Tchudum, tchá, tchá, tchá, tchá, tchudum, tchá, tchá, tchá, tchá, tchudum São 2 horas da manhã numa casa noturna de São Paulo e os frequentadores estão dançando uma batida eletrônica repetitiva. Dali a 5 uma hora e meia, MC Guimê, o principal nome do funk ostentação, fará seu show, acompanhado de um DJ e de duas dançarinas, e com a participação especial do rapper Emicida. /.../ Encontram-se ali jovens de bairros suburbanos – os meninos com correntes douradas, as 10 meninas com saia bem curtinha, e todos com roupas de grife – e também os chamados “playboys”. Quando Guimê finalmente sobe ao palco, a temperatura da casa parece subir. Por quarenta minutos, ele intercala canções de seu repertório com sucessos de outros 15 funkeiros, canta o rap do quarteto Racionais MC’s e cita o Salmo 23 (“O senhor é meu pastor / Nada me faltará”). Nada falta mesmo: suas letras carregam uma tal profusão de marcas – carros, roupas, perfumes, bebidas – que até se poderia suspeitar de vultosos contratos de 20 merchandising. Não é o caso. Para Guimê, natural da periferia de Osasco, cidade da Grande São Paulo, falar desses objetos de consumo – e, acima de tudo, adquiri-los – é uma aspiração realizada, uma senha para a entrada na sociedade. O público não só entende como 25 compartilha o sonho de Guimê: muitos fãs, no meio da dança, erguem garrafas de uísque escocês como se fossem troféus. Festas e shows assim se repetem por outras cidades e clubes. Como tantos gêneros musicais que vieram das áreas urbanas mais pobres, o funk já 30 conquistou parte da classe média. Mas é sobretudo entre a garotada da periferia que ele tem a ressonância de uma Marselhesa: um hino de cidadania e identidade para os jovens das classes C, D e E. /.../

(Revista Veja, 29 de janeiro de 2014, p. 73 e 74)
As conjunções e preposições, além de ligarem palavras ou orações de um texto, estabelecem entre eles relações de sentido. Assinale a alternativa em que a relação de sentido apontada está INCORRETA.
10 Q689504 | Inglês, Cadete da Aeronáutica, EPCAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio, 2019
Texto associado.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century. Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to work in agriculture, domestic work and factories. Children in sweatshops1 producing goods sold globally. Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human society for most of human history. However, Anti-Slavery International has refused to accept that this bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
Purposes of exploitation2 can range from forced prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and forced organ removal. Here are the most common forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people are forced to do against their will3 under the threat of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most widespread form of slavery, when people borrow money they cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then losing control over the conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation, using violence, threats or coercion.
• Descent-based slavery – where people are born into slavery because their ancestors were captured and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery with child labour, but it is much worse. Whilst4 child labour is harmful for children and hinders5 their education and development, child slavery occurs when a child is exploited for someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking, child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is married against their will and cannot leave the marriage. Most child marriages can be considered slavery. 
Many forms of slavery have more than one element listed above. For example, human trafficking often involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad, using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then, the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is free from modern slavery, even Britain. The Government estimates that there are tens of thousands people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age, gender or race. However, contrary to a common misconception6 that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty7 and have limited opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative. People who are discriminated against on the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife. Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to tackle8 the root causes of slavery in order to end slavery for good. That’s why wepublished our Anti- Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)

Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
The concept of slavery worked in the text is