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1 Questão 52841 | Inglês, Aspirante da Polícia Militar, Polícia Militar PR, UFPR, Ensino Médio

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Ancient dreams of intelligent machines: 3,000 years of robots

    The French philosopher René Descartes was reputedly fond of automata: they inspired his view that living things were biological machines that function like clockwork. Less known is a strange story that began to circulate after the philosopher’s death in 1650. This centred on Descartes’s daughter Francine, who died of scarlet fever at the age of five.
    According to the tale, a distraught Descartes had a clockwork Francine made: a walking, talking simulacrum. When Queen Christina invited the philosopher to Sweden in 1649, he sailed with the automaton concealed in a casket. Suspicious sailors forced the trunk open; when the mechanical child sat up to greet them, the horrified crew threw it overboard.
    The story is probably apocryphal. But it sums up the hopes and fears that have been associated with human-like machines for nearly three millennia. Those who build such devices do so in the hope that they will overcome natural limits – in Descartes’s case, death itself. But this very unnaturalness terrifies and repulses others. In our era of advanced robotics and artificial intelligence (AI), those polarized responses persist, with pundits and the public applauding or warning against each advance. Digging into the deep history of intelligent machines, both real and imagined, we see how these attitudes evolved: from fantasies of trusty mechanical helpers to fears that runaway advances in technology might lead to creatures that supersede humanity itself.

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According to the text, it is correct to say:

a) In a near future, people will be better prepared to cope with the idea of death.
b) Humanity will disappear if advances in technology become uncontrollable.
c) There are groups with different positions about intelligent machines.
d) The first examples of automata have been attributed to Descartes’ contemporaries.
e) People have dreamed of human-like machines for more than three thousand years.

4 Questão 693689 | Inglês, Sargento da Aeronáutica Aeronavegantes e Não Aeronavegantes, EEAR, Aeronáutica, Ensino Médio

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TV addiction

1 The amount of time people spend watching television is

astonishing. On average, individuals in the industrialized

world devote three hours a day to the pursuit, fully half of

their leisure time, and more than on any single activity save

5 work and sleep. Someone who lives to 75 would spend nine

years in front of the tube. To some commentators, this

devotion means simply that people enjoy TV and make a

conscious decision to watch it. But if that is the whole story,

why do so many people experience misgivings about how

10 much they view?

www.sciam.com/article.cfm

Write (T) True or (F) False, according to the text. Then choose the correct alternative.

( ) The quality of TV programs in different countries determines

the amount of time people devote to TV watching.

( ) Some commentators believe people watch so much TV simply because they enjoy it.

( ) People spend too much time watching TV.

a) F – T – F
b) F – T – T
c) T – F – T
d) F – T – F